EntityManagerFactory is very slow to close

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My app uses Spring Boot 3.2.0 and JDK 21. When the test suite finishes, closing the 14 EntityManagerFactory beans that were created takes over 30 seconds, which is about 33% of the test suite’s total execution time.

When I shut down the application itself, no such delay occurs. I guess this is because the application only creates 1 instance of this bean, but the test suite creates 14 instances (because of the different application contexts that are built by the test suite).

When the tests run, is there a way to either:

  • Reduce the number of EntityManagerFactory beans that are created
  • Reduce the time it takes to close a EntityManagerFactory bean

The relevant section of the test suite’s logs are shown below

2023-12-07T15:53:41.555Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:53:41.556Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:53:41.557Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:53:52.831Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:53:52.832Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-2 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:53:52.834Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-2 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:03.861Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:03.863Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-3 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:03.865Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-3 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:03.886Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:03.887Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-4 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:03.888Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-4 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:03.899Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:03.899Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-5 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:03.900Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-5 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:14.916Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:14.917Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-6 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:14.919Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-6 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:14.938Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:14.939Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-7 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:14.940Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-7 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:14.953Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:14.954Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-8 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:14.954Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-8 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:14.955Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:14.955Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-9 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:14.956Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-9 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:14.960Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:14.960Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-10 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:14.960Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-10 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:14.964Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:14.964Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-11 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:14.965Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-11 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:14.968Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:14.968Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-12 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:14.969Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-12 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:14.972Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:14.972Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-13 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:14.972Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-13 - Shutdown completed.
2023-12-07T15:54:14.975Z --- j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-12-07T15:54:14.976Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-14 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-12-07T15:54:14.992Z --- com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-14 - Shutdown completed.

> Task :test

SUCCESS: Executed 706 tests in 1m 37s (2 skipped)

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